A Drosophila model for mechanistic investigation of tau protein spread.

Brain protein aggregates are a hallmark of neurodegenerative disease. Previous work indicates that specific protein components of these aggregates are toxic, including tau in Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies. Increasing evidence also indicates that these toxic proteins traffic between cells in a prion-like fashion, thereby spreading pathology from one brain region to another. However, the mechanisms involved in trafficking are poorly understood. We therefore developed a transgenic Drosophila model to facilitate rapid evaluation of candidate tau trafficking modifiers. Our model uses the bipartite Q system to drive co-expression of tau and GFP in the fly eye. We find age-dependent tau spread into the brain, represented by detection of tau, but not GFP in the brain. We also found that tau trafficking was attenuated upon inhibition of the endocytic factor dynamin or the kinase glycogen synthase kinase-3ß ( GSK-3ß ). Further work revealed that dynamin promotes tau uptake in recipient tissues, whereas GSK-3ß appears to promote tau spread via direct phosphorylation of tau. Our robust and flexible system will promote the identification of tau trafficking components involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY STATEMENT: The trafficking of toxic proteins in neurodegenerative disease is well-known but poorly understood. Our model will allow rapid and new insight into molecular mechanisms underlying this process.

Switching the World's Salt Supply-Learning from Iodization to Achieve Potassium Enrichment.

Sodium is an essential dietary component, but excess sodium intake can lead to high blood pressure and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Many national and international bodies, including the World Health Organization, have advocated for population-wide sodium reduction interventions. Most have been unsuccessful due to inadequate sodium reduction by food industry and difficulties in persuading consumers to add less salt to food. Recent research highlights potassium-enriched salt as a new, feasible, acceptable, and scalable approach to reducing the harms caused by excess sodium and inadequate potassium consumption. Modeling shows that a global switch from regular salt to potassium-enriched salt has the potential to avert millions of strokes, heart attacks, and premature deaths worldwide each year. There will be many challenges in switching the world's salt supply to potassium-enriched salt, but the success of universal salt iodization shows that making a global change to the manufacture and use of salt is a tractable proposition. This in-depth review of universal salt iodization identified the importance of a multisectoral effort with strong global leadership, the support of multilateral organizations, engagement with the salt industry, empowered incountry teams, strong participation of national governments, understanding the salt supply chain, and a strategic advocacy and communication plan. Key challenges to the implementation of the iodization program were costs to government, industry, and consumers, industry concerns about consumer acceptability, variance in the size and capabilities of salt producers, inconsistent quality control, ineffective regulation, and trade-related regulatory issues. Many of the opportunities and challenges to universal salt iodization will likely also be applicable to switching the global salt supply to iodized and potassium-enriched salt.

Introducing transparent peer review to RSC Advances.

RSC Advances is introducing the option of transparent peer review for authors. Editors-in-Chief Russell J. Cox and Karen Faulds, and Executive Editor Laura C. Fisher offer more detail on how this will work.

RSC Advances Outstanding Student Paper Awards 2022.

We are delighted to announce the winners for the RSC Advances Outstanding Student Paper Awards 2022. These awards recognise outstanding work published in the journal, for which a substantial component of the research was conducted by a student.

An Interventional Response Phenotyping Study in Chronic Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Mechanistic Randomized Controlled Trial.

Evidence-based treatments for chronic low back pain (cLBP) typically work well in only a fraction of patients, and at present there is little guidance regarding what treatment should be used in which patients. Our central hypothesis is that an interventional response phenotyping study can identify individuals with different underlying mechanisms for their pain who thus respond differentially to evidence-based treatments for cLBP. Thus, we will conduct a randomized controlled Sequential, Multiple Assessment, Randomized Trial (SMART) design study in cLBP with the following three aims. Aim 1: Perform an interventional response phenotyping study in a cohort of cLBP patients (n = 400), who will receive a sequence of interventions known to be effective in cLBP. For 4 weeks, all cLBP participants will receive a web-based pain self-management program as part of a run-in period, then individuals who report no or minimal improvement will be randomized to: a) mindfulness-based stress reduction, b) physical therapy and exercise, c) acupressure self-management, and d) duloxetine. After 8 weeks, individuals who remain symptomatic will be re-randomized to a different treatment for an additional 8 weeks. Using those data, we will identify the subsets of participants that respond to each treatment. In Aim 2, we will show that currently available, clinically derived measures, can predict differential responsiveness to the treatments. In Aim 3, a subset of participants will receive deeper phenotyping (n = 160), to identify new experimental measures that predict differential responsiveness to the treatments, as well as to infer mechanisms of action. Deep phenotyping will include functional neuroimaging, quantitative sensory testing, measures of inflammation, and measures of autonomic tone.

Expression of concern: Ultrafine carbamazepine nanoparticles with enhanced water solubility and rate of dissolution.

Expression of concern for 'Ultrafine carbamazepine nanoparticles with enhanced water solubility and rate of dissolution' by Raj Kumar et al., RSC Adv., 2014, 4, 48101-48108, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA08495K.

Retraction: Structural characterization of ginseng oligopeptides and anti-aging potency evaluation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/D0RA06093C.].

Retraction: Structural characterization of peptides from Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen, 1835) and anti-aging effect in Caenorhabditis elegans.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA00089E.].

Retraction: Synthesis of xanthone derivatives and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma potency evaluation: induced apoptosis.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06408G.].

Retraction: Anti-inflammatory potency of Locusta migratoria manilensis cyclopeptides in mast cells and macrophages.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA06284J.].

Retraction: Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory potency of Mesobuthus martensii Karsch oligopeptides in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA01623F.].

Retraction: Structural characterization of Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) oligopeptides and the detection of their capability in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells: induction of apoptosis.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA00090A.].

Retraction: Structural characterization of ginseng cyclopeptides and detection of capability to induce apoptosis in gastrointestinal cancer cells.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA03965A.].

Retraction: Structural characterization of centipede oligopeptides and capability detection in human small cell lung carcinoma: inducing apoptosis.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C8RA09018A.].

Retraction: Structural characterization of Mesobuthus martensii Karsch peptides and anti-inflammatory potency evaluation in human vascular endothelial cells.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C9RA01609K.].

Expression of concern: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibited bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis.

Expression of concern for 'Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells inhibited bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis' by Jiang Nan et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 49498-49504. DOI: 10.1039/C7RA03971A.

Retraction: Photocatalytic membranes prepared by embedding porous Zr-doped SiO2 shell/TiO2 core particles with expanded channels into polyvinylidene fluoride for cleaning wastewater.

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C5RA16319F.].

Expression of concern: Long non-coding RNA CRNDE promote the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.

Expression of concern for 'Long non-coding RNA CRNDE promote the progression of tongue squamous cell carcinoma through regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway' by Zhongheng Yang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 21381-21390. DOI: 10.1039/C9RA01321K.

Expression of concern: LncRNA CASC2 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells via regulating the miR-214/TRIM16 axis.

Expression of concern for 'LncRNA CASC2 inhibits autophagy and promotes apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells via regulating the miR-214/TRIM16 axis' by Qian Li et al., RSC Adv., 2018, 8, 40846-40855, DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09573f.